4.1 Data

4.2 Objects

4.3 Visualization

4.4 Scaling

Lie Charts

4.3 Correct chart types

Check visualization: Correct chart types
Make sure here that no manipulations have occurred as a result of the chart type selected. The most important aspect here is the correct scaling in charts – one of the most common flaws in reports and presentations.

4.3.1

Replace radar, funnel, and other misleading structure charts

So-called radar charts are used quite often in actual practice for comparisons. Since they have no advantage over bar charts, and instead many weaknesses in visualization (false comparisons of internal and external changes, visual impressions which arise depending on the order of selection of the criteria, etc), they should only be used for two-dimensional analyses (e.g. cardinal directions as well as comparing young-old with rich-poor).
Funnel charts are misleading when the size of the space displayed does not correspond to the respective numerical values – this also applies to other artificial chart forms in which the length, area, and volume do not correspond to the numerical values.

4.3.2

Use correct chart types for time and structure

Since we read from left to right, we are accustomed to seeing time in tables and charts running from left to right as well. For this reason, it is practical to use columns to represent periods of time (months, quarters, years, etc.). Bar charts are used without exception for structural analyses (accounts, locations, customers), the second important group of charts.

4.3.3

Combine tables and charts

When numbers necessary for comprehension are integrated into charts, they are easier to understand than when tables and charts are placed next to each other.

4.3.4

Use small multiples instead of spaghetti charts

A chart with more than two or three intersecting lines is usually more confusing than several smaller charts with one line each placed next to one another.

4.3.5

Use bar charts instead of pie and ring charts

Bar charts are a classic form of display for structural analyses; as a rule they are easier to understand than circular arrays of numbers.

4.3.6

Compare without logarithmic scales

Logarithmic displays can provide new insights which would not have been as easily detected with linear scales. However, logarithmic scales should not be used if extremely small and large numerical values are compared in one chart.

4.3.7

Use correct relations when comparing measures in maps

If the level of precipitation per square meter is compared for various regions, it can be helpful to use different colored or three-dimensional areas. If, on the other hand, market share or return on sales is to be compared, use columns or bars with the same cross section. Incidentally, pie charts work well here (as an exception to the rule) because they can be placed very nicely on one point, for example in a city.

4.3.8

Use scaling bars to allow different scales

In situations where different scalings are used intentionally, consistent application of so-called scaling bars can be helpful.